谈谈“形式否定,意义肯定”结构的用法

2024-01-01 00:00:00陈春香
语数外学习·高中版上旬 2024年2期
关键词:乐意句末杰克

在英语中,有些固定词组从表面结构看是否定形式,但实际上它们表示的却是肯定意义。对此,笔者归纳了表示肯定意义的含有否定词的几组短语,以期能帮助同学们准确把握和运用。

一、none the less

none the less意为“仍然,尽管如此”,相当于“still”,表示转折。例如:

Old as he is,he is nonetheless vigorous and active.他虽然年纪大了,但仍然精力充沛。

The road was icy,none the less,we went to school early as usual.

路面结着冰,尽管如此,我们还是像往常一样很早就去上学了。

二、nothing if not

nothing if not意为“非常,极其,十足”,相当于“very”,常置于be动词和表语之间,用于强调做表语的形容词或名词。例如:

The view is nothing if not magnificent.景色极其壮观。

Jack is nothing if not a gentleman.杰克是个十足的绅士。

三、nothing/none but

nothing/none but相当于“only”,意为“只有,仅仅”,其后接名词。需注意的是,nothing but只用于表事物,不用于表人,none but则可用于表人和物。例如:

Out of curiosity,she opened the envelope to find⁃nothing/none but a piece of white paper.出于好奇,她打开了信封,却发现里面仅仅是一张白纸。

None but a strongman could have lifted it.只有身强力壮的人才能举得起它。

四、none other than

none other than意为“不是别的,正是/竟然是……”,其后接名词,常带有强调、惊奇、赞美等语气。例如:

The new arrival was none other than my best friend,Jenny.刚到达的不是别人,正是我最好的朋友,珍妮。(表示强调)

The winner of the speech contest was none otherthan Bobby who is usually very quiet.这次演讲比赛的获胜者竟然是波比,他平时不爱说话。(表示惊奇)

五、little/nothing short of

little/nothing short of为双重否定,其意思为“可以说是,简直是”,常用来修饰作表语的名词或形容词。例如:

Her success has been nothing/little short of incredi⁃ble.她的成功简直令人难以置信。

Jack is little/nothing short of a musical genius.杰克,可以说是一个音乐天才。

六、to say nothing of

to say nothing of意为“何况,更不用说”,表示递进,主要用于提及另一重要的信息或观点,其后多跟名词。例如:

She can ride a motorcycle,to say nothing of a bicy⁃cle.她摩托车都会骑,何况是自行车。

The yard is a mess,to say nothing of the house.院子里乱七八糟,房子里就更不用说了。

七、as soon as not

as soon as not意为“非常愿意,再乐意不过”,常置于句末。例如:

I would buy that book as soon as not.我非常愿意买那本书。

She would help his classmates as soon as not.他太乐意帮助同学了。

八、as likely as not

as likely as not意为“很可能,说不定”,侧重不确定性。例如:

She is now in the office as likely as not.她现在很可能在办公室。

Tom will forget all about it as likely as not.汤姆说不定会把这件事忘得一干二净。

总之,英语中表示肯定意义的含有否定词的短语,可谓是不胜枚举。这就要求同学们在平时学习中注意归类整理,用心辨析,准确把握,从而提升语用能力。

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