在英语中,有些固定词组从表面结构看是否定形式,但实际上它们表示的却是肯定意义。对此,笔者归纳了表示肯定意义的含有否定词的几组短语,以期能帮助同学们准确把握和运用。
一、none the less
none the less意为“仍然,尽管如此”,相当于“still”,表示转折。例如:
Old as he is,he is nonetheless vigorous and active.他虽然年纪大了,但仍然精力充沛。
The road was icy,none the less,we went to school early as usual.
路面结着冰,尽管如此,我们还是像往常一样很早就去上学了。
二、nothing if not
nothing if not意为“非常,极其,十足”,相当于“very”,常置于be动词和表语之间,用于强调做表语的形容词或名词。例如:
The view is nothing if not magnificent.景色极其壮观。
Jack is nothing if not a gentleman.杰克是个十足的绅士。
三、nothing/none but
nothing/none but相当于“only”,意为“只有,仅仅”,其后接名词。需注意的是,nothing but只用于表事物,不用于表人,none but则可用于表人和物。例如:
Out of curiosity,she opened the envelope to find⁃nothing/none but a piece of white paper.出于好奇,她打开了信封,却发现里面仅仅是一张白纸。
None but a strongman could have lifted it.只有身强力壮的人才能举得起它。
四、none other than
none other than意为“不是别的,正是/竟然是……”,其后接名词,常带有强调、惊奇、赞美等语气。例如:
The new arrival was none other than my best friend,Jenny.刚到达的不是别人,正是我最好的朋友,珍妮。(表示强调)
The winner of the speech contest was none otherthan Bobby who is usually very quiet.这次演讲比赛的获胜者竟然是波比,他平时不爱说话。(表示惊奇)
五、little/nothing short of
little/nothing short of为双重否定,其意思为“可以说是,简直是”,常用来修饰作表语的名词或形容词。例如:
Her success has been nothing/little short of incredi⁃ble.她的成功简直令人难以置信。
Jack is little/nothing short of a musical genius.杰克,可以说是一个音乐天才。
六、to say nothing of
to say nothing of意为“何况,更不用说”,表示递进,主要用于提及另一重要的信息或观点,其后多跟名词。例如:
She can ride a motorcycle,to say nothing of a bicy⁃cle.她摩托车都会骑,何况是自行车。
The yard is a mess,to say nothing of the house.院子里乱七八糟,房子里就更不用说了。
七、as soon as not
as soon as not意为“非常愿意,再乐意不过”,常置于句末。例如:
I would buy that book as soon as not.我非常愿意买那本书。
She would help his classmates as soon as not.他太乐意帮助同学了。
八、as likely as not
as likely as not意为“很可能,说不定”,侧重不确定性。例如:
She is now in the office as likely as not.她现在很可能在办公室。
Tom will forget all about it as likely as not.汤姆说不定会把这件事忘得一干二净。
总之,英语中表示肯定意义的含有否定词的短语,可谓是不胜枚举。这就要求同学们在平时学习中注意归类整理,用心辨析,准确把握,从而提升语用能力。