黄玉艳 陈然 刘赵云
老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者不同冠脉病变程度与胆红素水平相关性分析
黄玉艳陈然刘赵云
目的探讨老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者不同冠脉病变程度与胆红素(TBI)水平相关性。方法选取2012年5月至2014年11月我院收治的117例老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者,根据冠脉病变程度分为单支病变组(38例)、双支病变组(40例)和三支病变组(39例),比较不同冠脉病变组患者TBI水平差异,并分析不同冠脉病变程度(Gensini积分)与TBI的相关性。结果3组间年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、TBI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。随冠脉病变支数增加,TC、TG、LDL水平升高,HDL、TBI水平降低(P<0.05)。单因素及多因素线性回归分析显示,糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白、TBI等因素是影响患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者TBI水平降低与冠脉动脉病变支数及狭窄程度相关,检测血清胆红素水平可在一定程度上反映冠脉病变程度。
糖尿病; 冠脉病变; 胆红素; 老年人
严重冠状动脉粥样硬化可导致冠心病,而多种因素影响冠状动脉粥样硬化发生发展[1-2],糖尿病及糖耐量异常为冠状动脉粥样硬化的危险因素,由于糖尿病患者存在内皮功能障碍、胰岛素抵抗、脂代谢异常等[3-4],冠心病合并糖尿病患者常出现多支血管病变,粥样硬化斑块不稳定等,尤其是老年患者,冠心病合并糖尿病患者死亡率高于非糖尿病患者[5-6]。因此探讨反映冠脉病变程度的血清学指标有助于临床诊断治疗。胆红素(TBI)为血红蛋白在肝细胞内代谢转化产物,本文探讨老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者不同冠脉病变程度与TBI水平相关性。
1.1临床资料选择2012年5月至2014年11月至我院就诊的117例老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者,年龄61~72岁,平均(66.43±3.34)岁,根据冠脉病变程度分为单支病变组(38例),双支病变组(40例),三支病变组(39例),所有患者均经冠状动脉造影确诊,糖尿病诊断标准按照1999年WHO公布的诊断标准,既往有明确糖尿病病史者,>2次空腹血糖≥7.0 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖≥11.1 mmol/L或2次任意时间血糖≥11.1 mmol/L。
1.2排除标准排除继发性糖尿病,严重肝肾疾病患者,急性脏器功能衰竭,其他器质性心脏病,周围血管疾病,甲状腺功能异常者,贫血及消化道疾病患者,肿瘤患者或2周内使用激素等药物影响血糖的患者(不包括降糖药)。
1.3冠状动脉造影检查患者在入院5~6 d内行冠状动脉造影检查,任何一支冠脉血管狭窄程度>50%为冠心病,左主干狭窄≥30%为阳性,左主干者计为双支病变,依据患者病变累及主要冠状动脉支数分为单支病变组(38例),双支病变组(40例),三支病变组(39例)。
1.4生化指标测定患者行冠状动脉造影当天清晨空腹抽取静脉血,采用全自动生化分析仪测定血脂、总TBI、血糖水平。
1.5冠状动脉病变评分方法所有患者依据冠脉造影结果定量评估冠脉病变程度,计算冠脉病变Gensini积分[7]。(1) 根据狭窄程度评估积分:狭窄1%~25%计1分,狭窄26%~50%计2分,狭窄51%~75%计4分,狭窄76%~90%计8分,狭窄91%~99%计16分,狭窄100%计32分;(2)根据不同病变部位求单处病变积分与系数乘积:左主干病变×5,回旋支开口处×3.5,回旋支近段×2.5,前降支近段×2.5,前降支中段×1.5,前降支第一对角支、第二对角支、心尖部、回旋支的钝缘支、远段右冠状动脉近段、中段、远段、后降支×1,左室后侧支×0.5,(3) Gensini 总积分:以上积分求和。
2.1不同冠脉病变组临床资料比较3组间年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、TBI差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01),随冠脉病变支数增加,TC、TG、LDL水平升高,HDL、TBI水平降低(P<0.05)。3组患者糖尿病病程、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或0.01)。三支病变组糖尿病病程显著长于单支病变组(P<0.05),三支病变组和双支病变组HbA1c、空腹血糖显著高于单支病变组(P<0.05)。见表1。
表1 不同冠脉病变组患者临床资料比较
2.2冠状动脉病变严重程度影响因素分析对冠心病合并糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变程度的影响因素进行线性回归分析,将患者Gensini积分作为因变量,将单因素分析有意义变量均作为自变量进行多因素线性回归分析,发现糖尿病病程(OR=1.711,95%CI:1.072~2.731)、HbA1c(OR=4.948,95%CI:2.446~10.011)、TBI(OR=0.946,95%CI:0.908~0.984)等因素是影响患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的独立危险因素(P<0.05或0.01)。
老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者预后较差,易再次发生冠脉病变,生存率低,良好控制血糖是冠心病合并糖尿病患者二级预防重要内容,可强化降糖治疗效果,降低患者心血管事件发生率[8-9]。TBI为内源性抗氧化剂,可抑制脂质过氧化、清除自由基,防止LDL-C被氧化,阻止形成OX-LDL,延缓动脉粥样硬化,血清TBI与冠心病密切相关,低TBI血症为冠心病的危险因素[10-11]。本文探讨老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者不同冠脉病变程度与TBI水平相关性。
结果表明,糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、HbA1c、TBI等因素是影响患者冠状动脉病变严重程度的独立危险因素;提示老年冠心病合并糖尿病患者TBI水平变化与冠状动脉病变程度有关,血清TBI水平降低,促进动脉粥样硬化。
血清TBI水平与LDL-C呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关;提示冠心病患者TBI水平降低进一步加重了动脉粥样硬化。导致糖尿病患者冠心病发病率升高的因素尚未阐明,糖尿病患者动脉粥样硬化性疾病发生风险显著高于非糖尿病患者[12-14],有研究表明冠心病患者体内LDL氧化修饰导致氧化应激,1 mol/L TBI可抑制过氧基团2 mol/L,在抗氧化及抗内皮功能障碍过程中,TBI有重要作用[15-16],通过检测血清TBI水平可在一定程度上反映冠脉病变程度。
TBI通过抗增殖、抗氧化、抗炎、抗内皮功能障碍等作用,在冠心病病变过程中发挥保护作用,对于TBI抑制冠脉动脉粥样硬化的具体机制有待于进一步探讨。
[1]陆晔,郑杨,郭雁飞,等.上海市中老年人群中糖尿病发病与糖化血红蛋白基线值相关性的回顾性研究[J].实用老年医学,2013,27(1):35-37,40.
[2]Ma J, Wang X, Wang Y, et al. The relationship between glycated hemoglobin and complexity of coronary artery lesions among older patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. PLoS One, 2014, 9(3):e91972.
[3]杨文,黄海燕.糖代谢异常和糖尿病患者血清CA19-9的观察[J].实用老年医学,2013,27(1):26-28.
[4]Ahmad S, Xue Z, Silverman A, et al. Complexity of the relation between hemoglobin A1C, diabetes mellitus, and progression of coronary narrowing in postmenopausal women[J]. Am J Cardiol,2013,111(6):793-799.
[5]Yang DJ, Lee MS, Kim WH, et al. The impact of glucose control on coronary plaque composition in patients with diabetes mellitus[J]. J Invasive Cardiol,2013,25(3):137-141.
[6]郝亚平,马晓静,周密,等.糖化血清蛋白与冠心病的相关性研究[J].中华医学杂志,2012,92(30):2095-2098.
[7]Gensini GG. A more meaningful scoring system for determining the severity of coronary heart disease[J]. Am J Cardiol, 1983,51(3):606.
[8]Shen Y, Pu LJ, Lu L, et al. Glycated albumin is superior to hemoglobin A1c for evaluating the presence and severity of coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients[J]. Cardiology, 2012,123(2):84-90.
[9]Jiménez-Quevedo P, Suzuki N, Corros C, et al. Assessment of dynamic coronary plaque changes and the clinical consequences in type-II diabetic patients: a serial intracoronary ultrasound study[J]. Rev Esp Cardiol,2011,64(7):557-563.
[10]赵力,韩清华.血清胆红素、尿酸及血脂与冠心病患者冠脉狭窄程度的相关性研究[J].中西医结合心脑血管病杂志,2012,10(3):273-275.
[11]黄祥征,潘超英.冠心病患者血清尿酸和胆红素测定的临床意义[J].广西医学,2013,35(1):79-80.
[12]Wei S, Gao C, Wei G, et al. The level of serum bilirubin associated with coronary lesion types in patients with coronary artery disease[J]. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown),2012,13(7):432-438.
[13]Gong Z, Xing S, Zheng F, et al. Increased expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in aorta of patients with coronary atherosclerosis[J]. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino),2015, 56(4):631-637.
[14]Turfan M, Duran M, Poyraz F, et al. Inverse relationship between serum total bilirubin levels and severity of disease in patients with stable coronary artery disease [J]. Coron Artery Dis,2013,24(1):29-32.
[15]韩翰,李佳,王岚峰,等.胆红素在冠心病发病过程中的保护作用[J].中华老年心脑血管病杂志,2012,14(9):995-997.
[16]何昕,唐艳芳,刘景艳,等.血清胆红素水平与冠心病的相关性[J].中华实用诊断与治疗杂志,2012,26(9):929-931.
Relationship between bilirubin level and coronary artery lesions in elderly patients with coronary heart disease complicated with diabetes mellitus
HUANGYu-yan,CHENRan,LIUZhao-yun.
DepartmentofCardiovascularMedicine,ChangshaCentralHospital,Changsha410004,China
ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between bilirubin (TBI) and the severity of coronary artery lesions in elderly patients with coronary artery disease complicated with diabetes mellitus.MethodsA total of 117 elderly patients with coronary artery disease complicated with diabetes mellitus from May 2012 to November 2014 in our hospital were enrolled. They were divided into single-vessel disease group (38 cases), double-vessel disease group(40 patients), and ternate-vessel lesion group (39 cases) according to the severity of coronary artery. The level of TBI between the three groups was compared. The correlation of TBI with coronary lesions was analyzed.ResultsAge, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL),TBI were significantly different between the three groups (P<0.05). With the increase of the number of coronary artery lesion, the levels of TC, TG, LDL were increased, and the levels of HDL and TBI were decreased (P<0.05). The univariate and multivariate linear regression analysis showed that course of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, bilirubin were independent risk factors for the degree of coronary artery disease in the patients with diabetes (P<0.05).ConclusionsThe results show that bilirubin level is negatively related to the severity degree of coronary artery lesions in the elderly patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus. Serum bilirubin level may reflect the degree of coronary artery disease to a certain extent.
diabetes mellitus; coronary artery disease; bilirubin
410004湖南省长沙市,长沙市中心医院心血管内科
刘赵云,Email:lzy2387@163.com
R 541.4
Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-9198.2016.04.017
2015-07-15)