The Interplanting Technology of Pleurotus ostreatus and Dendrobium officinale

Qihui MO,Xianqun LUO,Yuantao ZHENG,Dachong HE,Fasheng LI,Wenbo SUN,Hongyan ZHANG,Yongsheng MO,Yongqiang JIANG

Biology Institute,Guangxi Academy of Sciences,Nanning 530007,China

Responsible editor:Xiaoxue WANG Responsible proofreader:Xiaoyan WU

Dendrobium officinale is abundant with dendrobium polysaccharides,dendrobine,amino acid,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe,Mn,Se,Cu,Cr,and Ni.It tastes faintly sweet and benefits spleen and stomach.Therefore,there is an increasing demand on Dendrobium officinale,resulting in price appreciation.Recently,its growing area is extending dramatically,but some problems are emerging,as well[1-2].With accumulation of risks,the drop of its price would have con siderable effects on investors[3].Currently,Dendrobium officinale is by intensive plastic greenhouse cultivation and space use ratio keeps lower because only one layer can be structured for lighting.In contrast,Pleurotus ostreatus grows in the environment similar to Dendrobium officinale,but has low demands on sunshine.Hence,the interplanting of Dendrobium officinale with Pleurotus ostreatus makes full use of space,increases farmers’ incomes and reduces risks of growing Dendrobium officinale.Researches available are more on interplanting of industrial crops with Pleurotus ostreatus in summer,especially in orchards and forests[4-7],but less attention is paid to of Dendrobium officinale with Pleurotus ostreatus,which is a focus in the research,providing references for reducing growing risks of Dendrobium officinale.

Materials and Methods

Bacterial strains

The bacterial strains included two Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars,Cha No.39 and 205,provided by Biological Institute,Guangxi Academy of Sciences.

Test materials

The test materials included a plastic greenhouse,a Dendrobium officinale (half-year-old) and cultivation beds.

Test instruments

The test instruments were a thermometer (TY-93-1),an electronic scale and a rule.

Test methods

Planting of Dendrobium officinaleThe test greenhouse is a steel framed double-arch plastic greenhouse from east to west.It is divided into east and west parts and every part is 50 m long and 13 m wide.The highest location is 3.4 m,and the lowest 1.8 m.Except of plastic mulch around the top,the other parts are covered with sunshade net(shading coefficient of 70%).

Dendrobium officinale was planted on a cultivation bed covered with pine barks.The cultivation bed is 60 cm high and 100 cm wide and the distance between cultivation beds is 40 cm.The seedling management proceeded as per local method and pesticides were forbidden during interplanting process with oyster mushroom.

The cultivation bed of Dendrobium officinale interplanted with Pleurotus ostreatus and climates in/out of a greenhouseFrom 6:00-22:00,the changes of humidity and temperature of the cultivation beds and out of the greenhouse were measured every two hours.

Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatusIn early May,Pleurotus ostreatus was placed horizontally on the cultivation beds with Dendrobium officinale in two rows respectively and every row included four levels.The mushrooms developed from one side and were watered twice in morning and at evening respectively.Besides,the mushrooms should be weighed timely and biological efficiency be computed.When a batch of Pleurotus ostreatus was harvested,the residues should be cleaned on time.

The growth rate of Dendrobium officinaleFive Dendrobium officinale plants interplanted with Pleurotus ostreatus on the cultivation beds were chosen and the plant height was measured once per week to get means.Meanwhile,other five Dendrobium officinale plants growing similarly were chosen as a control.

Biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatusIn the research,292 bags of Cha No.39 and 244 bags of 205 were prepared,and dry substrates of every bag totaled 350 g.

Biological efficiency=The yield of fresh oyster mushroom/The weight of dry substrates.

Results and Analysis

Climates of greenhouse of Dendrobium officinale

Greenhouse climates tended to be volatile upon weather.It was cloudy to sunny on June 19 and it predicted at 27-35 ℃,which is a typical weather in May and June.Humidity and temperature were measured once per hour(Fig.1-Fig.2).

As shown in Fig.1,temperatures in/out of the greenhouse and on/under beds differed insignificantly.From 9:00,temperatures out of greenhouse and on cultivation bed surged,especially on bed,and reached the peak at 39 ℃at 15:00.Temperature under bed was considerably lower than that out of the greenhouse and on bed.Besides,the temperature change maintained slowly and stably,and the area under beds at lower temperature provided a suitable condition for Pleurotus ostreatus.

As shown in Fig.2,the humidity change was contrary to temperature.For example,air humidity dropped once temperature grew,vice versa.The humidity out of cultivation beds changed similarly to that on beds; the air humidity below beds changed from rising to declining upon temperature,but the decrease maintained smaller.For example,the humidity still kept over 80% at maximal temperature.Humidity out of the greenhouse and on the beds,however,declined to 65%.The airs in high-level below beds are more suitable for growth of Pleurotus ostreatus.

In rainy days or cloudy days,humidity and temperatures changed little in/out of the greenhouse and on/below beds,showing insignificant differ-ences,especially in rainy days.

Table1 Yields and biological efficiency of Cha No.39

Table2 The yield and biological efficiency of 205

The growth,yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus below beds

Cha No.39As shown in Table1,Cha No.39 grew normally;the yield of the first batch reached the highest,accounting for 43.86% ; biological efficiency reached 106.98%.

The variety 205As shown in Table2,the yields of 205 tended to be volatile upon batches,which was different with that of Cha No.39,possibly caused by hypha aging.However,the biological efficiency of 205 kept higher of 113.32%.

It can be concluded that it is feasible to interplant Dendrobium officinale with Pleurotus ostreatus.

Effects of interplanting Dendrobium officinale with Pleurotus ostreatus on growth of Dendrobium officinale

As shown in Fig.3,seedlings of Dendrobium officinale grew from 4.14 to 6.92 cm through 10 weeks in the treatment as per interplanting,and from 4.32 to 7.00 cm in the treatment without interplanting.These indicated that the seedlings interplanted with Pleurotus ostreatus grew faster.Therefore,Dendrobium officinale is not affected by interplanting with Pleurotus ostreatus.

Conclusions

The changes of humidity and temperature in/out of the greenhouse grown with Dendrobium officinale coincided with the research made by Chen et al.[8].However,less attention is paid to microclimate of cultivation beds with Dendrobium officinale.Considering from the test,the temperature of the cultivation beds kept below 34℃,and relative humidity over 80%,which are much suitable for Pleurotus ostreatus growth.In the cultivation beds,the interplanted Pleurotus ostreatus had none significant effects on Dendrobium officinale.Hence,it is feasible to interplant Dendrobium officinale with Pleurotus ostreatus in summer.

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